EPA i DHA (omega 3) a wzrost beztłuszczowej masy ciała

EPA/DHA (omega 3) i ich wpływ na budowę/zwiększenie suchej masy mięśniowej.

Gdzieś tam kiedyś się przewinęło kilka badan wskazujących połączenie epa/dha ze wzrostem suchej masy mięśniowej.

Z reszta już czytając te dwa tematy:

[http://www.sfd.pl/EPA_%26_DHA_omega3__a_utrata_tkanki_tłuszczowej-t708728.html]
[http://www.sfd.pl/EPA_%26_DHA_omega3__poprawia_wrażliwośc_insulinową-t694156.html]

Można dojść do wniosku, że nie bezpośrednio ale wynik pośredni właśnie będzie taki:
wzrost wrażliwości insulinowej/mniejszy poziom tkanki tłuszczowej -> większy poziom masy mięśniowej!
Ale żeby mieć pewność kilka badań:

Effects of supplemental fish oil on resting metabolic rate, body composition, and salivary cortisol in healthy adults

To determine the effects of supplemental fish oil (FO) on resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, and cortisol production in healthy adults.
Methods

A total of 44 men and women (34 ą 13y, mean+SD) participated in the study. All testing was performed first thing in the morning following an overnight fast. Baseline measurements of RMR were measured using indirect calorimetry using a facemask, and body composition was measured using air displacement plethysmography. Saliva was collected via passive drool and analyzed for cortisol concentration using ELISA. Following baseline testing, subjects were randomly assigned in a double blind manner to one of two groups: 4 g/d of Safflower Oil (SO); or 4 g/d of FO supplying 1,600 mg/d eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 800 mg/d docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). All tests were repeated following 6 wk of treatment. Pre to post differences were analyzed using a treatment X time repeated measures ANOVA, and correlations were analyzed using Pearson’s r.
Results

Compared to the SO group, there was a significant increase in fat free mass following treatment with FO (FO = +0.5 ą 0.5 kg, SO = -0.1 ą 1.2 kg, p = 0.03), a significant reduction in fat mass (FO = -0.5 ą 1.3 kg, SO = +0.2 ą 1.2 kg, p = 0.04), and a tendency for a decrease in body fat percentage (FO = -0.4 ą 1.3% body fat, SO = +0. 3 ą 1.5% body fat, p = 0.08). No significant differences were observed for body mass (FO = 0.0 ą 0.9 kg, SO = +0.2 ą 0.8 kg), RMR (FO = +17 ą 260 kcal, SO = -62 ą 184 kcal) or respiratory exchange ratio (FO = -0.02 ą 0.09, SO = +0.02 ą 0.05). There was a tendency for salivary cortisol to decrease in the FO group (FO = -0.064 ą 0.142 μg/dL, SO = +0.016 ą 0.272 μg/dL, p = 0.11). There was a significant correlation in the FO group between change in cortisol and change in fat free mass (r = -0.504, p = 0.02) and fat mass (r = 0.661, p = 0.001).
Conclusion

6 wk of supplementation with FO significantly increased lean mass and decreased fat mass. These changes were significantly correlated with a reduction in salivary cortisol following FO treatment.

[http://www.jissn.com/content/7/1/31]

Badano wpływ 0-3/placebo na 44 osoby przez okres 6 tygodni

Dwie grupy:
-placebo (1)
-grupa przyjmująca 0-3 w ilości 2,4g epa/dha (2)

Tkanka tłuszczowa :
-placebo: +0.2
-0-3: -0.5k

Poziom tkanki tłuszczowej:
-placebo: +0.3%
-0-3: -0.4%

Beztłuszczowa masa ciała:
-placebo: -0.1kg
-0-3: +0.5kg

Zmiany u grupy placebo:

Zmiany u grupy przyjmującej epa/dha:

Przyjmowanie epa/dha nie tylko zmniejszyło ilość tkanki tłuszczowej ale również zwiększyło ilość beztłuszczowej masy ciała w porównaniu do grupy placebo

Dietary omega-3 fatty acid supplementation increases the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults: a randomized controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults.
DESIGN:

Sixteen healthy, older adults were randomly assigned to receive either omega-3 fatty acids or corn oil for 8 wk. The rate of muscle protein synthesis and the phosphorylation of key elements of the anabolic signaling pathway were evaluated before and after supplementation during basal, postabsorptive conditions and during a hyperaminoacidemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp.
RESULTS:

Corn oil supplementation had no effect on the muscle protein synthesis rate and the extent of anabolic signaling element phosphorylation in muscle. Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation had no effect on the basal rate of muscle protein synthesis (mean ą SEM: 0.051 ą 0.005%/h compared with 0.053 ą 0.008%/h before and after supplementation, respectively; P = 0.80) but augmented the hyperaminoacidemia-hyperinsulinemia-induced increase in the rate of muscle protein synthesis (from 0.009 ą 0.005%/h above basal values to 0.031 ą 0.003%/h above basal values; P < 0.01), which was accompanied by greater increases in muscle mTOR(Ser2448) (P = 0.08) and p70s6k(Thr389) (P < 0.01) phosphorylation.
CONCLUSION:

Omega-3 fatty acids stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older adults and may be useful for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. This trial was registered at clinical trials

[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21159787]

16 zdrowych,starszych osób podzielono na grypy spożywające:
-olej rybi (1.86g EPA + 1.5g DHA)
-olej kukurydziany

badano wpływ tych olejów w dwóch warunkach:
-bez pożywienia (basal)
-w czasie wysokiego poziomu insuliny i aminokwasów (clamp)

Wyniki:

olej kukurydziany

olej rybi

olej kukurydziany nie miał wpływu

olej rybi nie miał wpływu w okresie postu (przed podaniem/po podaniu)
FSR 0.051%/h vs 0.053%/h

natomiast w podany po okresie jedzenia już miał (przed podaniem/po podaniu)
FSR 0.009%/h vs 0.031%/h (powyżej pomiarów początkowych)

Epa/dha stymuluje u osob starszych syntezę białek mięśniowych!
Effect of a protein and energy dense n-3 fatty acid enriched oral supplement on loss of weight and lean tissue in cancer cachexia: a randomised double blind trial

Aim: N-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), may possess anticachectic properties. This trial compared a protein and energy dense supplement enriched with n-3 fatty acids and antioxidants (experimental: E) with an isocaloric isonitrogenous control supplement (C) for their effects on weight, lean body mass (LBM), dietary intake, and quality of life in cachectic patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Methods: A total of 200 patients (95 E; 105 C) were randomised to consume two cans/day of the E or C supplement (480 ml, 620 kcal, 32 g protein ą 2.2 g EPA) for eight weeks in a multicentre, randomised, double blind trial.

Results: At enrolment, patients’ mean rate of weight loss was 3.3 kg/month. Intake of the supplements (E or C) was below the recommended dose (2 cans/day) and averaged 1.4 cans/day. Over eight weeks, patients in both groups stopped losing weight (Δ weight E: -0.25 kg/month versus C: -0.37 kg/month; p = 0.74) and LBM (Δ LBM E: +0.27 kg/month versus C: +0.12 kg/month; p = 0.88) to an equal degree (change from baseline E and C, p<0.001). In view of evident non-compliance in both E and C groups, correlation analyses were undertaken to examine for potential dose-response relationships. E patients demonstrated significant correlations between their supplement intake and weight gain (r = 0.50, p<0.001) and increase in LBM (r = 0.33, p = 0.036). Such correlations were not statistically significant in C patients. The relationship of supplement intake with change in LBM was significantly different between E and C patients (p = 0.043). Increased plasma EPA levels in the E group were associated with weight and LBM gain (r = 0.50, p<0.001; r = 0.51, p = 0.001). Weight gain was associated with improved quality of life (p<0.01) only in the E group.

[gut.bmj.com/content/52/10/1479.abstract]

200 osób chorych na raka spożywało przez okres 8 tygodni dwa suplementy:
-480ml, 620kcal, 32g białka (C)
-480ml, 620kcal, 32g białka + 2,2g EPA (E)

Niestety nie byli w stanie wypić 2 puszek
średnio wypijali 1,4 (~1,5g EPA)

Wyniki:

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